• 목록
• 답변
• 글쓰기
• 게시판 리스트 옵션
  • 수정
  • 삭제

Adult ADHD and Comorbid Disorders

Many adults with ADHD also suffer from comorbid conditions such as major depressive disorder (Kessler and colleagues 2006). Many patients are not responsive to depression medications and may benefit from psychotherapy.

Medications that most effectively improve core symptoms of ADHD are those that boost and balance levels of specific neurotransmitters, which are brain chemicals. Drugs that stimulate the brain such as methylphenidate or amphetamine are commonly prescribed.

Medicines

Adults can use many drugs that are prescribed for ADHD in children. The dosages and effects can be different. The doctor will look at the non medical treatment for adhd history, the family health history, and other health conditions of the patient to determine which medication is best.

The most commonly used adhd in adults treatment medication is a stimulant. It works by adjusting the levels of norepinephrine and dopamine in the brain. Stimulants like methylphenidate and dextro-amphetamine (commonly known as Adderall) boost the supply of these neurotransmitters, which can improve focus and decrease impulsivity and aggression. These stimulants are available in various forms, such as skin patches, liquids and chewable tablets. These stimulants that last longer are popular as they lead to better patient compliance, as well as more consistent, long-lasting improvement in symptoms Of untreated adhd in adults.

It is important to keep in mind that comorbidities like anxiety and depression can influence the response to ADHD medications. Therefore, it is recommended that these psychiatric problems be treated first before medication used as secondary measure. The drugs that can be used to treat comorbid disorders of mood are atomoxetine (Bupropion) tricyclic antidepressants and bupropion (Wilens 2004).

Certain patients may experience some patients may experience a "rebound" effect where they experience worsening of ADHD symptoms after stopping stimulant medications. In these cases it what is adhd treatment for adults possible to try a short-term trial of the use of a low dose stimulant medication could prove beneficial.

Some people are unable tolerate stimulant medication or cannot take it because of drug misuse or other health conditions like severe hypertension or heart issues. In these situations, non drug treatment for adhd-stimulant medications like atomoxetine (Strattera) and viloxazine (Qelbree) can be effective. These medications don't cause the same level of side effects as stimulants, and are lower risks of abuse and diversion.

Psychotherapy

Psychotherapy (talk therapy) can be helpful for people with ADHD. It can help those who suffer from ADHD learn to improve their lives, manage stress and anxiety, resolve conflicts, or manage problems in their relationships or at work. It can also help co-existing mental disorders like depression and addiction disorders.

Talk therapies include cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) as well as mind-body cognitive therapy, and schema therapy. These treatments are based on the belief that one's beliefs and thoughts affect how they think, feel and behave. CBT helps individuals identify negative patterns of behavior and thoughts and then devise and implement strategies to change them. The use of meditation techniques in mindfulness-based cognitive therapy to help someone concentrate on their emotions and thoughts to control their impulses and improve executive functioning. Schema therapy, and other forms of psychotherapy that focus on the family history of a person can be beneficial for people with ADHD.

Psychotherapy, along with medication, can aid with specific ADHD problems, such as difficulties with schoolwork or getting along with others. It can also assist in avoiding important dates and obligations and making impulsive decisions that can could lead to legal and financial problems. It can help a person overcome underlying issues such as anxiety and depression that could contribute to their ADHD symptoms.

Psychotherapy can help someone to develop healthy coping methods and reduce stress, for example exercising, improving sleep and healthy eating habits. It can also offer support to a family member or partner who is dealing with the negative effects ADHD affects their relationship. Family therapy and marriage counseling can assist families and couples communicate better and understand how to manage ADHD symptoms together.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

CBT is a form of psychotherapy that focuses on changing the patterns of negative thinking of the client. It employs dialogue based on skill with a trained mental health professional (a therapist) to address the root causes of their symptoms. The aim of this treatment is to eliminate limitations and implement strategies for coping that align with the daily routine of the client.

Therapists who specialize in adult ADHD-CBT instruct clients how to identify unhelpful thoughts and help them build the skills to replace them with more productive thoughts. This process can take time. It is an option for those who cannot receive enough relief from their medication.

A recent RCT study found that when adhd goes untreated paired with medication, CBT is superior to CBT on its own in improving the core symptoms, emotional symptoms as well as self-esteem and social functioning of adults with ADHD (Clarke et al., 2017). The combination of CBT and methylphenidate is especially beneficial for those suffering from more severe underlying problems.

Therapists who provide this kind of treatment work with their clients to develop an action plan to address their specific issues. They usually teach clients a set of practical skills that are easy to implement and have a high likelihood of being successful. A chart system is often used to track progress and reward positive behaviors. In the case of a child, this might be a daily journal that lists all the in-school tasks or positive behavior they need to accomplish and a method of recording and earning rewards. The therapists can also discuss the possibility that negative consequences may be inflicted upon a child who does not complete their task. This can be done in a very sensitive and calming manner.

Metacognitive Therapy

Metacognitive therapy is an innovative form of psychotherapy that helps people change their thinking. This kind of therapy can be beneficial for people who suffer from a variety of mental health problems, including depression. It is a type of cognitive behavior therapy that assists people in recognizing negative thinking patterns and their effects on their emotions. This kind of therapy can help them develop mental tools that are adaptable and beneficial.

The goal of this study was to explore the relationship between metacognitive abilities and daily functioning in adults with ADHD. To this end we compared self- and informant-rated deficits in daily functioning with indicators of metacognition (comprehensive knowledge as well as regulation of cognition debugging, information management and evaluation). The results showed that comprehensive knowledge was linked to daily functioning in adults with ADHD, but not regulatory processes. The predictive ability of a model incorporating predictors of metacognition was moderate, which suggests that they can explain a significant amount of the variance in daily functioning for adults with ADHD.

Metacognitive therapy (MCT) is a psychotherapy that focuses on modifying metacognitive beliefs that are dysfunctional and perpetuate states of anxiety or rumination as well as attention fixation. MCT was created by Adrian Wells based on an information processing model by Wells and Gerald Matthews. A case series has proven the effectiveness of MCT in reducing anxiety, but it's still a relatively new concept and more research is needed to determine its effectiveness for other disorders.

This study was designed to assess the effectiveness of MCT in the reduction of symptoms of illness anxiety disorder, however it can be applied to a variety of disorders and may even be more effective than other therapies. It's important to keep in mind that this isn't a cure for ADHD however it can be used as an alternative therapy.

Family Therapy

In family therapy, the therapist works with the whole family. Everyone is able to better understand the client's issues and learn to assist their loved family members. It also helps them deal with their frustrations and build more effective communication skills. This kind of counseling can be used to tackle other comorbidities, such as addiction and depression, which are often seen as part of ADHD.

The therapist will begin with an intake session to gain a better understanding of the family's perception and determine whether they are suitable for family intervention. The session can be conducted in person or online. The therapist will explain to each client the nature of treatment and the do's & don'ts for family therapy.

A therapist with experience treating adults with ADHD will ask a lot of questions to gain understanding of the client's current symptoms, their history, and their impact on their work life as well as their family and social life. They will also inquire whether there are other mental health issues, such as anxiety or depression.

Cognitive behavioral therapy is a structured type of counseling that helps you learn how to control your behavior and change negative thinking patterns into positive ones. It concentrates on improving your self-esteem and self-control by teaching you strategies to manage anger and stress. This is a short-term option that can be utilized in conjunction with other forms of psychotherapy.

Individual talk therapy helps people with ADHD to deal with the emotional baggage that comes from underachievement and failure. It can also help them deal problems with relationships as well as job changes and academic issues. It can teach you coping and stress reduction techniques and help you manage your time and finances more efficiently. It can also be used to tackle other comorbid conditions like anxiety and mood disorders which are often seen alongside ADHD.