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How Does Machine Espresso Work?

Machine espresso coffee makers makes use of precise pressure and mind-blowing filter technology to create the delicious coffee we enjoy. How exactly does it work?

In order to make espresso, hot water is pushed under pressure through finely ground coffee. The process is similar to making drip coffee. However, it is the pressure that makes the main difference.

The Head of the Group

The group head is the portafilter is inserted when you are making espresso. It disperses the water into the portafilter and regulates the pressure during the extraction. There are many different kinds of group heads, each with their distinct advantages and drawbacks. Some are designed for stability in temperature, while others are specifically designed to handle pre-infusion. Others are made to control the lever. Some are a combination, like the E61. This is a favorite among baristas as it provides a variety of benefits in a single package.

As you can see in the picture above the group head is fitted with a variety of notches. It is possible to place your portafilter in these notches and then turn the head around to secure it. There is also a gasket made from rubber in the notches to help create a seal when you insert your portafilter into the machine. The notches permit an exact placement of the portafilter. This is vital for a consistent extraction.

The group head is not just able to allow you to insert your portafilter easily, but it also maintains the temperature at a constant level. It does this by circulating hot water through the brew basket and around the portafilter to ensure that it's always at the right temperature to extract. It is important to remember that even a tiny deviation can make the difference between a good and a excellent espresso.

The Pump

Motorized pumps in rotary espresso machines supply the nine atmospheric bar pressure that is required for espresso extraction. This differs from manual piston machines that rely on levers. This pressure is built up by pumping water through a heat-exchanger and then through the ground coffee.

Pumps tend to be cheaper than piston-driven machines and tend to last longer. However, both types of machines may degrade with overuse and insufficient cleaning. Pumps are also more complex mechanically, which can raise the price of even the simplest models.

Certain espresso machines utilize steam pressure instead of a pump to brew espresso. This can result in over-extraction because the boiler that produces steam also heats the water to boil. The machines also need to continuously rebuild their pressure between cups. This requires energy and time.

A majority of espresso machines utilize a rotary or vibration pump. A vibration model employs a vibrating disk to generate pressure, whereas the rotary model pushes hot water through the ground at a fast speed. Both types of machines can make excellent espresso, however rotary machines are quieter and more durable than vibration pumps.

The Boiler

The boiler is the one that will heat the water to the perfect temperature to extract. The steam that is produced reaches the portafilter, which contains the ground espresso coffee, and is then funneled down into the cup. During this process, steam creates pressure to push through the grounds of the coffee. This results in a layer crema that is then poured over. This is one of the hallmarks of a great espresso.

There are three types of espresso machines, each having different types of pumps and the temperature of the brew. There are a variety of ways to control the amount of brew, as well as the size of cup that can be produced by the machine.

The first espresso machines were steam-based. The earliest espresso machines were steam-type machines. The coffee tasted bitter and burned. This is the reason why Milanese producers Luigi Bezzerra and Desiderio Pavoni created the modern espresso machine.

The most common espresso machine is a semiautomatic with an electric pump. These are what people imagine when they imagine an espresso machine. Semi-automatic machines require you to grind and tamp the beans on your own however the pump controls the flow of water and pressure. This is an excellent compromise between human touch and mechanized quality.

The Filter

Typically, espresso machines use filters to separate the grounds of coffee as they move through the hot water. The filter is also an important element of the temperature control system, because it stops the machine from overheating.

A filter also helps with flavor as it allows for the beans to flower for a longer period of time. This allows the beans to let their nuances out and provides an opportunity to improve extraction.

It is important to keep in mind that even the best coffee espresso machine filter can make a bad cup of coffee. The quality espresso machine of the beans and the extraction, remain crucial.

It's in this area that the magic occurs. This is what makes espresso taste so delicious. The grouphead, sometimes referred to as the brew head, is where the portafilter (the container you place the ground coffee in) sits when you're making espresso machine coffee.

In the steam-driven italian espresso machines machine hot water is heated in an airtight container to create steam. Steam then pushes the hot water through the grounds at high end espresso Machine pressure. These kinds of machines are generally less expensive and simpler to maintain than pump-driven models. They are however limited in their ability to create the perfect conditions for brewing, as they operate with 1-1.5 bar of pressure. The perfect shot requires 9-10 bars.

In recent years, compressed air-driven espresso machines have been gaining popularity. They use an air compressor to push the hot water through the grounds and are more portable than electric steam-driven machines.