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The cue ball may contact an object ball directly or it can be made to bounce off one or more cushions before hitting the required object ball. Failure to make contact with a red ball constitutes a foul, which results in penalty points being awarded to the opponent. Penalty points are awarded to a player when a foul is committed by the opponent. The responsibilities of the referee include announcing the points scored during a break, determining when a foul has been committed and awarding penalty points and free balls accordingly, replacing colours onto their designated spots after they are potted, restoring the balls to their previous positions after the "miss" rule has been invoked (see Scoring), and cleaning the cue ball or any object ball upon request by the striker. The object balls include seven solid-colored balls numbered 1 through 7, seven striped balls numbered 9 through 15, and the black 8 ball. A player could achieve a break of 15, for example, by first potting a red followed by a black, then another red followed by a pink, before failing to pot the next red. Points accumulated by potting successive object balls are called a "break" (see Scoring below).

If a player is awarded a free ball with all 15 red balls still in play, they can potentially make a break exceeding 147, with the highest possible being a 155 break, achieved by nominating the free ball as an extra red, then potting the black as the additional colour after potting the free-ball red, followed by the 15 reds with blacks, and finally the colours. If you’re fairly new to the world of pool, or simply haven’t paid much attention to the tables you’ve played on, it can be hard to tell what material a pool table’s surface is. A standard full-size snooker table measures 12 ft × 6 ft (365.8 cm × 182.9 cm), with a rectangular playing surface measuring 11 ft 8.5 in × 5 ft 10.0 in (356.9 cm × 177.8 cm). When playing away from a touching ball, the player is not required to strike another object ball. The apex must be as close as possible to the pink ball without touching it. The process of alternately potting reds and colours continues until the striker fails to pot the desired object ball or commits a foul-at which point the opponent comes to the table to start the next turn-or when there are no red balls remaining.

If the referee has also called a "miss"-meaning that the referee has deemed the opponent not to have made their best possible attempt to hit the object ball-the player has the option of having the balls replaced to their original positions and forcing the opponent to play the shot again. The nap affects the speed and trajectory of the balls, depending on the direction of the shot and whether any side spin is placed on the ball. The table has six pockets, one at each corner and one at the centre of each of the two longer side cushions. The playing surface is surrounded by small cushions along each side of the table. After the initial rack, the balls are played until only the cue ball and one object ball remain on the table's surface. If the scores are equal when all of the object balls have been potted, the black is used as a tiebreaker. Breaks of 100 points or more are referred to as a century break, and are recorded over the career of a professional player. Tabb was the only woman refereeing on the professional tour when she joined it in 2002, but tournaments now routinely feature female referees such as Desislava Bozhilova, Maike Kesseler, and Tatiana Woollaston.

You’ve now found the staple t-shirt of your wardrobe. Rack may also be used as a verb to describe the act of setting billiard balls in their starting positions (e.g. "to rack the balls"), or as a noun to describe a set of balls that are in their starting positions (e.g. "a rack of balls", more often called a pack or a pyramid in British English). At the start of a frame, the object balls are positioned on the table as shown in illustration A. Starting with the cue ball in the "D", the first player executes a break-off shot by striking the cue ball with the tip of their cue, aiming to hit any of the red balls in the triangular pack. The yellow or white ball can be used as strikers or cue balls. By understanding the intricate relationship between color, mood, and cognition, you can tailor your choice to offer a richer gaming experience. If there are not enough points remaining on the table for a player to win the frame, that player may offer to concede the frame while at the table (but not while their opponent is still at the table); a frame concession is a common occurrence in professional snooker.

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